Biosafety hawks were initially optimistic that the incoming second Trump administration would at last place binding constraints on so-called "dangerous gain-of-function" research, in which pathogens ...

In 2011, two teams of scientists created an uproar after revealing they had separately mutated the H5N1 bird flu virus to spread among ferrets through the air, something it didn’t do naturally. The ...

Scientists have long debated the merits and risks of tinkering with viruses and bacteria, which the president claims caused the coronavirus pandemic. By Carl Zimmer and Emily Anthes President Trump ...

President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Monday banning all federal funding for "dangerous" gain-of-function research in China, Iran and other countries and blocking all federal funding for ...

Section 1. Purpose. Dangerous gain-of-function research on biological agents and pathogens has the potential to significantly endanger the lives of American citizens. If left unrestricted, its effects ...

Gain-of-function research became controversial during the COVID-19 pandemic. But without it, “we’re just flying in the dark” when it comes to H5N1, said Felicia Goodrum, a molecular virologist at the ...

As a person with a chronic illness, I'm no stranger to bloodwork. I used to pore over my lab results, googling the various meanings, and trying not to panic when a test fell out of range. Function ...

At long last, National Institutes of Health (NIH) principal deputy director Lawrence Tabak admitted to Congress Thursday that US taxpayers funded gain-of-function research at the Wuhan Institute of ...

Given a function $f: X \to Y$ and a subset $B \subseteq Y$, we have that its preimage is the set of all points in $f$ 's domain mapping onto it. Formally, it is $$ f ...

For a given set $B \subseteq Y$, not all of its points are reached by $f: X \to Y$. Thus, premapping from $B$ then mapping back via $f$ may yield a smaller set than ...