Bitcoin, the pioneering cryptocurrency that has captured global attention, conceals a multifaceted framework called the Bitcoin Protocol Stack beneath its digital facade. In this enlightening article, ...

Joel is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of security, networking and messaging. Follow him on X (formerly Twitter) @joelsnyder. Building enterprise networks with routers and switches ...

A Bitcoin developer by the name of Burak recently unveiled Ark, a Layer 2 protocol designed to enable fast and secure transactions. According to a post on the Bitcoin dev mailing list, Ark offers an ...

What is a network protocol? Most textbook writers state something like this: A network protocol is a set of guidelines or standards for the operation of network devices, the methods of operation, and ...

When your mcp client talks to a server—maybe a retail bot checking inventory levels—they usually do a "handshake" to agree on a secret key. If you use ML-KEM, that handshake stays safe even if a ...

With the development of blockchain technology, the problems of scalability, interoperability, and efficiency have never been more pressing than they are today. Most of the focus over the past few ...

For more than 20 years we have been using Layer 3 connectivity powered by dynamic routing protocols to route traffic between data centers, but adoption of virtualization and geo-clustering ...

Welcome to The Protocol, CoinDesk's weekly wrap-up of the most important stories in cryptocurrency tech development. I'm Margaux Nijkerk, CoinDesk’s Tech & Protocols reporter. ECLIPSE TOKEN GENERATION ...

In the natural world, species that share the same ecosystem often compete for resources, resulting in the extinction of weaker competitors. A new computer model that describes the evolution of the ...

Ethereum competitors make inroads into DeFi as the total value locked and on-chain protocols continue to rise for these layer-1s. Layer-1 (L1) protocols are the foundation of the decentralized ...