Delay differential equations (DDEs) extend the classical framework of differential equations by incorporating terms that depend on past states, thus capturing the intrinsic time delays found in many ...

Stability theory occupies a central role in the analysis of differential equations and wave equations, serving as the cornerstone for understanding the long‐term behaviour of dynamical systems. At its ...

Time-domain finite-difference (TDFD) method is the most dominant approach for seismic wavefield simulation. Due to the memory and computational cost of the computer, finite-difference (FD) simulations ...