A study suggests atoms can bond not only with electrons in their outer shells, but also via those in their supposedly sacrosanct inner shells Most of us learned in high school chemistry class that ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the ...

Transition metals form mixed-valence oxides that are expected to have ordered arrangements of d-shell electrons. But the ionic picture must be rethought to include oxygen ‘holes’ in the charge-ordered ...