In the late 1970s, scientists were divided on how viruses enter and infect host cells. Some investigators thought viruses were directly penetrating the cell membrane into the cytoplasm, while others ...

Electron microscopy (EM) has become an indispensable tool for investigating the nanoscale structure of a large range of materials, across physical and life sciences. It is vital for characterisation ...

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has revolutionized the realm of microscopic analysis. By delivering astonishingly detailed images of minuscule entities such as insects, bacteria, or even the ...

Electron microscopy is a powerful technique that provides high-resolution images by focusing a beam of electrons to reveal fine structural details in biological and material specimens. 2 Because ...

They can image a wide range of materials and biological samples with high magnification, resolution, and depth of field, thereby revealing surface structure and chemical composition. Industries like ...

Traditional electron microscopy techniques include scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where electrons that interact with the sample are imaged. 4 The ...