When used in structural engineering, the term deflection refers to load-induced displacement, which typically affects beam designs. It can be an extremely complicated value to calculate when ...

In civil engineering, flexural beams are used to control the effect of vibrations that can cause cracks to appear in surfaces (concrete slabs) and beams. This is particularly important in buildings ...

The refraction of light at an interface is familiar as a rainbow or the 'bending' of a pencil in a glass of water. Here we show that particles can also be refracted and even totally internally ...

As the name implies, the Short Beam Shear test subjects a beam to bending, just as flexural testing methods do, but the beam is very short relative to its thickness. For example, ASTM D 2344 1 ...